J. J. Leeming
Encyclopedia
John Joseph Leeming was a British
road engineer
. He forwarded controversial ideas for the causes of, and remedies for, road crashes, including the notion that drivers should not always be assumed to be at fault.
, becoming Deputy County Surveyor there, before leaving that role in 1946.
In 1946 Leeming moved to work for Dorset County Council
as County Surveyor
, where he stayed until his retirement in 1964.
In 1969 Leeming's book "Road Accidents: prevent or punish?" was published. A 2007 review, on the publication of a reprint of the book, described the book as controversial, and as being written by an "enlightened highways expert".
, with Leeming convinced that road casualties could be reduced by using road engineering
methods based on evidence derived from the scientific analysis of the causes of road crashes, and that drivers were not the main cause of many road safety problems.
, with respect to road traffic volumes:
principle, upon which Hans Monderman
's counter-intuitive shared space
concept is founded was described by Leeming:
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
road engineer
Traffic engineering (transportation)
For the engineering of communications and computer networks, see Teletraffic engineering.Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways...
. He forwarded controversial ideas for the causes of, and remedies for, road crashes, including the notion that drivers should not always be assumed to be at fault.
Biography
Leeming was born in 1899 and served in the First World War. From 1924, Leeming worked in various road engineering capacities for Oxfordshire County CouncilOxfordshire County Council
Oxfordshire County Council, established in 1889, is the county council, or upper-tier local authority, for the non-metropolitan county of Oxfordshire, in the South East of England, an elected body responsible for the most strategic local government services in the county.-History:County Councils...
, becoming Deputy County Surveyor there, before leaving that role in 1946.
In 1946 Leeming moved to work for Dorset County Council
Dorset County Council
Dorset County Council is the county council of the Dorset in England. It provides the upper tier of local government, below which are district councils, and town and parish councils...
as County Surveyor
County surveyor
1. A county surveyor is a public official in many counties of the USA. At the bottom of this page are working "External Links" as at 4 November 2011 to websites of a selection of such County Surveyor's departments. Most of these officials are elected on the partisan ballot to four-year terms...
, where he stayed until his retirement in 1964.
In 1969 Leeming's book "Road Accidents: prevent or punish?" was published. A 2007 review, on the publication of a reprint of the book, described the book as controversial, and as being written by an "enlightened highways expert".
Road crash causes
Leeming's book: "Road Accidents: prevent or punish?", describes his ideas and views of the causes of road casualties, and of how best they can be tackled. The book is described as attacking the beginnings of the blame cultureVictim blaming
Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime, an accident, or any type of abusive maltreatment are held entirely or partially responsible for the transgressions committed against them. Blaming the victim has traditionally emerged especially in racist and sexist forms...
, with Leeming convinced that road casualties could be reduced by using road engineering
Traffic engineering
Traffic engineering can mean:* traffic engineering , a branch of civil engineering* teletraffic engineering, a field of statistical techniques used in telecommunications...
methods based on evidence derived from the scientific analysis of the causes of road crashes, and that drivers were not the main cause of many road safety problems.
Induced demand
Leeming described the phenomenon of induced demandInduced demand
Induced demand, or latent demand, is the phenomenon that after supply increases, more of a good is consumed. This is entirely consistent with the economic theory of supply and demand; however, this idea has become important in the debate over the expansion of transportation systems, and is often...
, with respect to road traffic volumes:
Risk compensation
The risk compensationRisk compensation
In ethology, risk compensation is an effect whereby individual people may tend to adjust their behavior in response to perceived changes in risk. It is seen as self-evident that individuals will tend to behave in a more cautious manner if their perception of risk or danger increases...
principle, upon which Hans Monderman
Hans Monderman
Hans Monderman was a Dutch road traffic engineer and innovator. He was recognized forradically challenging criteria used to evaluate engineering solutions for street design...
's counter-intuitive shared space
Shared space
Shared space is an urban design concept aimed at integrated use of public spaces. It encourages traffic engineers, urban planners and experts from other fields to consult with users of public space when planning and designing streets and squares in both built and non-built environments...
concept is founded was described by Leeming: