IEEE 802.20
Encyclopedia
IEEE Standards Association
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association is an organization within IEEE that develops global standards in a broad range of industries, including: power and energy, biomedical and health care, information technology, telecommunication, transportation,...
of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence...
(IEEE) for mobile wireless Internet access
Internet access
Many technologies and service plans for Internet access allow customers to connect to the Internet.Consumer use first became popular through dial-up connections in the 20th century....
networks. The main standard was published in 2008.
Overview
The baseline specifications proposed for this specification aimed considerably higher than those available on mobile architectures of the early 2000s.It was hoped to create a standard that would allow low-cost, always-on, and truly mobile broadband
Broadband
The term broadband refers to a telecommunications signal or device of greater bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual signal or device . Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times...
wireless
Wireless
Wireless telecommunications is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not physically connected. Distances can be short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications...
network
Computer network
A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information....
s, sometimes nicknamed as MobileFi.
IEEE 802.20 was specified according to a layered architecture, which is consistent with other IEEE 802
IEEE 802
IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and...
computer network specifications. The scope of the working group consisted of the physical layer
Physical layer
The physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer in the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. The implementation of this layer is often termed PHY....
(PHY), medium access control
Media Access Control
The media access control data communication protocol sub-layer, also known as the medium access control, is a sublayer of the data link layer specified in the seven-layer OSI model , and in the four-layer TCP/IP model...
(MAC), and logical link control
Logical Link Control
The logical link control data communication protocol layer is the upper sub-layer of the data link layer in the seven-layer OSI reference model...
(LLC) layers. The air interface operated in bands below 3.5 GHz and with a peak data rate
Data rate
Data rate can refer to:* Bit rate, or data transfer rate* Data signaling rate* Data rate units-See also:* Baud rate* Channel capacity* Throughput* Bandwidth everything in this page is falsified...
of over 80 Mbit/s.
The goals of 802.20 and 802.16e
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.16 is a series of Wireless Broadband standards authored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . The IEEE Standards Board in established a working group in 1999 to develop standards for broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks...
, the so-called "mobile WiMAX
WiMAX
WiMAX is a communication technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed Internet service to large geographical areas. The 2005 WiMAX revision provided bit rates up to 40 Mbit/s with the 2011 update up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations...
", were similar. A draft 802.20 specification was balloted and approved on January 18, 2006.
The IEEE approved 802.20-2008, Physical and Media Access Specification on June 12, 2008. This was made freely available from the IEEE 802
IEEE 802
IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and...
website.
Technical description
The standard's proposed benefits:- IP roaming & handoff (at more than 1 Mbit/s)
- New MAC and PHY with IP and adaptive antennas
- Optimized for full mobility up to vehicular speeds of 250 km/h
- Operates in Licensed Bands (below 3.5 GHz)
- Utilizes Packet Architecture
- Low Latency
Some technical details were:
- Bandwidths of 5, 10, and 20 MHz.
- Peak data rates of 80 Mbit/s.
- Spectral efficiency above 1 bit/sec/Hz using multiple input/multiple output technologyMIMOIn radio, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO , is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology...
(MIMO). - Layered frequency hopping allocates OFDM carriers to near, middle, and far-away handsets, improving SNR (works best for SISO handsets.)
- Supports low-bit rates efficiently, carrying up to 100 phone calls per MHz.
- Hybrid ARQ with up to 6 transmissions and several choices for interleaving.
- Basic slot period of 913 microseconds carrying 8 OFDM symbols.
- One of the first standards to support both TDM (FL,RL) and separate-frequency (FL, RL) deployments.
History
The 802.20 working group was proposed in response to products using technology originally develoepd by ArrayCommArrayComm
ArrayComm is a wireless communications software company founded in San Jose, California, California, in Silicon Valley. Co-founded in 1992 by Martin Cooper, a pioneer of the wireless industry. The company is wholly owned by Ygomi LLC, under principal investor T. Russell Shields...
marketed under the iBurst
IBurst
iBurst is a wireless broadband technology originally developed by ArrayComm. It optimizes the use of its bandwidth with the help of smart antennas...
brand name. The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions is a standards organization that develops technical and operational standards for the telecommunication industry. ATIS is headquartered in Washington, D.C....
adopted iBurst as ATIS-0700004-2005.
The Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group was approved by IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence...
Standards Board on December 11, 2002 to prepare a formal specification for a packet-based air interface designed for Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
The Internet Protocol is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite...
-based services.
At its height, the group had 175 participants.
On June 8, 2006, the IEEE-SA Standards Board directed that all activities of the 802.20 Working Group be temporarily suspended until October 1, 2006.
The decision came from complaints of a lack of transparency, and that the group's chair, Jerry Upton, was favoring Qualcomm
Qualcomm
Qualcomm is an American global telecommunication corporation that designs, manufactures and markets digital wireless telecommunications products and services based on its code division multiple access technology and other technologies. Headquartered in San Diego, CA, USA...
.
The unprecedented step came after other working groups had also been subject to related allegations of large companies undermining the standard process.
Intel and Motorola
Motorola
Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, which was eventually divided into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011, after losing $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009...
had filed appeals, claiming they were not given time to prepare proposals.
These claims were cited in a 2007 lawsuit filed by Broadcom
Broadcom
Broadcom Corporation is a fabless semiconductor company in the wireless and broadband communication business. The company is headquartered in Irvine, California, USA. Broadcom was founded by a professor-student pair Henry Samueli and Henry T. Nicholas III from the University of California, Los...
against Qualcomm.
On September 15, 2006, the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved a plan to enable the working group to move towards completion and approval by reorganizing.
The chair at the November 2006 meeting was Arnold Greenspan.
On July 17, 2007, the IEEE 802 Executive Committee along with its 802.20 Oversight Committee approved a change to voting in the 802.20 working group. Instead of a vote per attending individual, each entity would have a single vote.
On June 12, 2008, the IEEE approved the base standard to be published.
Additional supporting standards included IEEE 802.20.2-2010, a protocol conformance statement, 802.20.3-2010, minimum performance characteristics, an amendment 802.20a-2010 for a Management Information Base
Management information base
A management information base is a virtual database used for managing the entities in a communications network. Most often associated with the Simple Network Management Protocol , the term is also used more generically in contexts such as in OSI/ISO Network management model...
and some corrections, and amendment 802.20b-2010 to support bridging
Bridging (networking)
Bridging is a forwarding technique used in packet-switched computer networks. Unlike routing, bridging makes no assumptions about where in a network a particular address is located. Instead, it depends on flooding and examination of source addresses in received packet headers to locate unknown...
.
802.20 standard was put to hibernation on March 2011 due to lack of activity.
In 2004 another wireless standard group had been formed as IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.22 is a standard for Wireless Regional Area Network using white spaces in the TV frequency spectrum. The development of the IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard is aimed at using cognitive radio techniques to allow sharing of geographically unused spectrum allocated to the Television Broadcast...
, for wireless regional networks using unused television station frequencies.
Trials such as those in Holland by T-Mobile
T-Mobile
T-Mobile International AG is a German-based holding company for Deutsche Telekom AG's various mobile communications subsidiaries outside Germany. Based in Bonn, Germany, its subsidiaries operate GSM and UMTS-based cellular networks in Europe, the United States, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands...
International in 2004 were announced as "Pre-standard 802.20". These were based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. OFDM has developed into a popular scheme for wideband digital communication, whether wireless or over copper wires, used in applications such as digital television and audio...
technology known as FLASH-OFDM developed by Falrion.
However, other service providers soon adopted 802.16e (the mobile version of WiMAX).
In September 2008, the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, commonly known as ARIB , is a standardization organization in Japan. ARIB is designated as the center of promotion of the efficient use of the radio spectrum and designated frequency change support agency...
in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
adopted the 802.20-2008 standard as ARIB STD-T97.
Kyocera
Kyocera
is a multinational manufacturer based in Kyoto, Japan. It was founded as in 1959 by Kazuo Inamori and renamed in 1982. The company has diversified its founding technology in ceramic materials through internal development as well as strategic mergers and acquisitions...
markets products supporting the standard under the iBurst name. , Kyocera claimed 15 operators offered service in 12 countries.