Hraničná
Encyclopedia
Hraničná is a district of the town of Kraslice
in Sokolov District
, Czech Republic
. It is situated between Kraslice the centre of Klingenthal
along the border river Svatava
in the west of the Erzgebirge.
, which colonized the area. The German name of Markhausen derives from its position at a border (or, demarcation; German Mark (border); Hausen from German Haus(house), i.e. from the fact that there are houses at a border).
The first mention in official documents can be dated back to 1348. Successively, for roughly 250 years, the place does hardly appear historical documents.
In 1608, Markhausen was founded again and is mentioned in a 1715 map of the Elbogener Kreis by the minister cartographer Adam Friedrich Zürner. Back then, the settlement belonged to neighboring Krásná u Kraslic (German: Schönwerth). The inhabitants' economy based mainly upon forgecraft, the production of wood charcoal
and mining.
In 1610, Markhausen became a Katastralgemeinde
. In 1847, 302 people lived there in 32 houses, then living mainly from agriculture and lace production.
In 1930, Markhausen was an industrial community of 1252 inhabitants in 143 houses, of whom were 1162 Germans, 37 Czech and 54 from other origins. There was a 4-form school, the Hraničná auxiliary fire brigade a post office, a customs office, a Gendarmerie
station, a cinema, a public open air bath a factory, many craftsmen and traders. Municipal life included six registered clubs and two musical bands, frequenting the eight pubs of the village. The terrific situation at the Saxon border secured vivid commercial transit and tourism. Guests especially headed for the pubs, which hosted concerts and dances frequently. The more famous localities were the "Brauner Hund" (German for Brown Dog), the "Schwarze Katz" (German for Black Cat) and the "Reichsgrenze" (German for Empire's Border)
In 1946, the German inhabitants were forcibly deported and Markhausen repopulated from within central Czechoslowakia. In 1947, "Hraničná" was given as its new name. In 1948, 220 inhabitants were counted. In 1955, the demolition of the village was started, to establish an uninhabited border strip. Until 1967 trespassing was strictly prohibited.
Following the Velvet Revolution
, the advantageous position was reclaimed by two gas stations, three restaurants and a market area, including a number of shops for asian raw foods, cigarettes and other commodities. The road between Klingenthal
and Kraslice
is free to use by automobiles up to 3,5 tons or up to 9 passengers and well-frequented. Also, a well-developed cycle track allows convenient tours.
Kraslice
Kraslice is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic.-Geography:The town is situated on the southern slopes of the eastern reaches of the Ore Mountains, some 5 km from the neighbouring German town of Klingenthal....
in Sokolov District
Sokolov District
Sokolov District is a district within Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Sokolov.-Complete list of towns and villages:Březová -Bublava -Bukovany -Citice -...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It is situated between Kraslice the centre of Klingenthal
Klingenthal
Klingenthal is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in the Free State of Saxony, south-eastern Germany. It is situated directly on the border with the Czech Republic opposite the Czech town of Kraslice, 29 km southeast of Plauen, and 33 km northwest of Karlovy Vary.The Aschberg towers above the...
along the border river Svatava
Svatava
The Svatava is a left tributary of the Ohře in Germany and the Czech Republic.-Source:...
in the west of the Erzgebirge.
History
The settlement emerged in 13th century and belonged to Waldsassen AbbeyWaldsassen Abbey
Waldsassen Abbey is a Cistercian nunnery, formerly a Cistercian monastery, located on the River Wondreb at Waldsassen near Tirschenreuth, Oberpfalz in Bavaria, Germany, close to the border with the Czech Republic.- First foundation :...
, which colonized the area. The German name of Markhausen derives from its position at a border (or, demarcation; German Mark (border); Hausen from German Haus(house), i.e. from the fact that there are houses at a border).
The first mention in official documents can be dated back to 1348. Successively, for roughly 250 years, the place does hardly appear historical documents.
In 1608, Markhausen was founded again and is mentioned in a 1715 map of the Elbogener Kreis by the minister cartographer Adam Friedrich Zürner. Back then, the settlement belonged to neighboring Krásná u Kraslic (German: Schönwerth). The inhabitants' economy based mainly upon forgecraft, the production of wood charcoal
Charcoal
Charcoal is the dark grey residue consisting of carbon, and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen...
and mining.
In 1610, Markhausen became a Katastralgemeinde
Katastralgemeinde
A Katastralgemeinde , a German word , is a cadastral subdivision of municipalities in the nations of Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Italian provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, Gorizia, Trieste, and in Slovenia.A cadastral community records property ownership in a cadastre,...
. In 1847, 302 people lived there in 32 houses, then living mainly from agriculture and lace production.
In 1930, Markhausen was an industrial community of 1252 inhabitants in 143 houses, of whom were 1162 Germans, 37 Czech and 54 from other origins. There was a 4-form school, the Hraničná auxiliary fire brigade a post office, a customs office, a Gendarmerie
Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military force charged with police duties among civilian populations. Members of such a force are typically called "gendarmes". The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as...
station, a cinema, a public open air bath a factory, many craftsmen and traders. Municipal life included six registered clubs and two musical bands, frequenting the eight pubs of the village. The terrific situation at the Saxon border secured vivid commercial transit and tourism. Guests especially headed for the pubs, which hosted concerts and dances frequently. The more famous localities were the "Brauner Hund" (German for Brown Dog), the "Schwarze Katz" (German for Black Cat) and the "Reichsgrenze" (German for Empire's Border)
In 1946, the German inhabitants were forcibly deported and Markhausen repopulated from within central Czechoslowakia. In 1947, "Hraničná" was given as its new name. In 1948, 220 inhabitants were counted. In 1955, the demolition of the village was started, to establish an uninhabited border strip. Until 1967 trespassing was strictly prohibited.
Following the Velvet Revolution
Velvet Revolution
The Velvet Revolution or Gentle Revolution was a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that took place from November 17 – December 29, 1989...
, the advantageous position was reclaimed by two gas stations, three restaurants and a market area, including a number of shops for asian raw foods, cigarettes and other commodities. The road between Klingenthal
Klingenthal
Klingenthal is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in the Free State of Saxony, south-eastern Germany. It is situated directly on the border with the Czech Republic opposite the Czech town of Kraslice, 29 km southeast of Plauen, and 33 km northwest of Karlovy Vary.The Aschberg towers above the...
and Kraslice
Kraslice
Kraslice is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic.-Geography:The town is situated on the southern slopes of the eastern reaches of the Ore Mountains, some 5 km from the neighbouring German town of Klingenthal....
is free to use by automobiles up to 3,5 tons or up to 9 passengers and well-frequented. Also, a well-developed cycle track allows convenient tours.