Civil service of the People's Republic of China
Encyclopedia
The People's Republic of China
(中华人民共和国公务员) consists of civil servants
of all levels who run the day-to-day affairs in mainland China
.
According to the Temporary Regulations for National Civil Servants (国家公务员暂行条例 guó-jiā gōng-wù-yuán zàn-xíng tiáo-lì), civil servants are put into a total of fifteen levels. The levels are:
system.
(NPC). It is under the management of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
(MHRSS), which resulted from the merger of the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
. The function of the administration covers management, recruitment, assessment, training, rewards, supervision and other aspects related to civil service affairs. The SACS also has several new functions. These include drawing up regulations on the trial periods of newly-enrolled personnel, further protecting the legal rights of civil servants and having the responsibility of the registration of civil servants under central departments. The SACS's establishment was part of the government's reshuffle in 2008. It aimed at a "super ministry" system to streamline government department functions.
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
(中华人民共和国公务员) consists of civil servants
Civil service
The term civil service has two distinct meanings:* A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations....
of all levels who run the day-to-day affairs in mainland China
Mainland China
Mainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China . According to the Taipei-based Mainland Affairs Council, the term excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and...
.
Levels
Civil servants are found in a well-defined system of ranks. The rank of a civil servant determines what positions he/she may assume in the government or the military, how much political power he/she gets, and the level of benefits in areas such as transportation and healthcare.According to the Temporary Regulations for National Civil Servants (国家公务员暂行条例 guó-jiā gōng-wù-yuán zàn-xíng tiáo-lì), civil servants are put into a total of fifteen levels. The levels are:
| Level | Post(s) |
|---|---|
| Level 1 | Premier of the People's Republic of China Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to as the "Prime Minister" informally, is the Leader of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , who is the head of government and holds the highest-ranking of the Civil service of the... |
| Levels 2-3 | Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China The Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China is a high-ranking executive assistant to the Premier. There is a First-ranking Vice Premier , sometimes called Executive Vice Premier wrongly by the non-official media. It is an informal title and takes over duties of the... and members of the State Council State Council of the People's Republic of China The State Council of the People's Republic of China , which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government after 1954, is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the Premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency... |
| Levels 3-4 | Leading roles of ministries or equivalents (正 部级 zhèng bù-jí), or of provinces or equivalents (省级 shěng-jí) |
| Levels 4-5 | Assisting roles of ministries or equivalents (副 部级 fù bù-jí), or of provinces or equivalents (副 省级 fù shěng-jí) |
| Levels 5-7 | Leading roles of departments or equivalents (正 司级 / 正 厅级 zhèng sī-jí / zhèng tīng-jí), or of prefectures or equivalents (地 级 dì-jí), or counsels (巡视员 xún-shì-yuán) |
| Levels 6-8 | Assisting roles of departments or equivalents (副 司级 fù sī-jí/ 副 厅级 fù tīng-jí), of prefectures or equivalents (副 地级 fù dì-jí), or assistant counsels (助理 巡视员 zhù-lǐ xún-shì-yuán) |
| Levels 7-10 | Leading roles of divisions or equivalents (正 处级 zhèng chù-jí), of counties or equivalents (县级 xiàn-jí), or consultants (调研员 diào-yán-yuán) |
| Levels 8-11 | Assisting roles of divisions or equivalents (副 处级 fù chù-jí), of counties or equivalents (副 县级 fù xiàn-jí), or assistant consultants (助理 调研员 zhù-lǐ diào-yán-yuán) |
| Levels 9-12 | Leading roles of sections or equivalents (正 科级 zhèng kē-jí), of townships Townships of the People's Republic of China Townships formally township level divisions is the basic level of political divisions in China. They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages... or equivalents (乡级 xiāng-jí), |
| Levels 9-13 | Assisting roles of sections or equivalents (副 科级 fù kē-jí), of townships Townships of the People's Republic of China Townships formally township level divisions is the basic level of political divisions in China. They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages... or equivalents (副 乡级 fù xiāng-jí) |
| Levels 9-14 | Staff members (科员 kē-yuán) |
| Levels 10-15 | Clerks (办事员 bàn-shì-yuán) |
History
China has had a tradition of maintaining a large and well-organized civil service. In ancient times eligibility for employment in the civil service was determined by an Imperial examinationImperial examination
The Imperial examination was an examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best administrative officials for the state's bureaucracy. This system had a huge influence on both society and culture in Imperial China and was directly responsible for the creation of a class of...
system.
State Administration of Civil Service
The State Administration of Civil Service (SACS) was created in March 2008 by the National People's CongressNational People's Congress
The National People's Congress , abbreviated NPC , is the highest state body and the only legislative house in the People's Republic of China. The National People's Congress is held in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, capital of the People's Republic of China; with 2,987 members, it is the...
(NPC). It is under the management of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China is a ministry under the State Council which is responsible for national labor polices, standards, regulations and managing the national social security. This includes labor force management, labor relationship...
(MHRSS), which resulted from the merger of the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China is a ministry under the State Council which is responsible for national labor polices, standards, regulations and managing the national social security. This includes labor force management, labor relationship...
. The function of the administration covers management, recruitment, assessment, training, rewards, supervision and other aspects related to civil service affairs. The SACS also has several new functions. These include drawing up regulations on the trial periods of newly-enrolled personnel, further protecting the legal rights of civil servants and having the responsibility of the registration of civil servants under central departments. The SACS's establishment was part of the government's reshuffle in 2008. It aimed at a "super ministry" system to streamline government department functions.
See also
- People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
- Politics of the People's Republic of ChinaPolitics of the People's Republic of ChinaThe politics of the People's Republic of China take place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. The leadership of the Communist Party is stated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China...
- Political position ranking of the People's Republic of ChinaPolitical position ranking of the People's Republic of ChinaThe political ranking of the People's Republic of China is the ranking of political leaders in China, by order of presumed political power. Although there is no formally published ranking, there is usually an established convention and protocol, and the relative positions of Chinese political...
- Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
- China National School of AdministrationChina National School of AdministrationChina National School of Administration , changed its name into "Chinese Academy of Governance" in 2010, located in Beijing, China, is a training center for middle and senior government officials of the Chinese government, owned by the State Council...
- Chinese Public Administration SocietyChinese Public Administration SocietyChinese Public Administration Society is a nationwide academic institution, whose vocation is specialized in the research of administrative theories and practices, development of administrative sciences and promoting public services....
Further reading
- Governance in China (2005), By OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is an international economic organisation of 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade...
- 574 pages - China's civil service reform and local government performance : a principal-agent perspective (2006)http://en.scientificcommons.org/23410974
- Civil Service Reform in China, 1993-2001: A Case of Implementation Failurehttp://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/china/v002/2.2chou.html